{"id":3332,"date":"2026-01-14T09:52:39","date_gmt":"2026-01-14T09:52:39","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/vrogroup.vn\/san-phang\/?p=3332"},"modified":"2026-01-14T09:57:01","modified_gmt":"2026-01-14T09:57:01","slug":"nguon-goc-xuat-xu-va-su-phat-trien-cua-san-be-tong","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/vrogroup.vn\/san-phang\/nguon-goc-xuat-xu-va-su-phat-trien-cua-san-be-tong\/","title":{"rendered":"Ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c, xu\u1ea5t x\u1ee9 v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a s\u00e0n b\u00ea t\u00f4ng"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"has-drop-cap wp-block-paragraph\">S\u00e0n b\u00ea t\u00f4ng l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i. \u00cdt ai bi\u1ebft s\u00e0n ph\u1eb3ng ra \u0111\u1eddi h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 tr\u01b0\u1edbc. T\u1eeb gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u, s\u00e0n b\u00ea t\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh kh\u00f4ng gian ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac. S\u1ef1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p gi\u1eefa k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac t\u1ea1o b\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u1eb7t l\u1ecbch s\u1eed. Hi\u1ec3u ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c s\u00e0n b\u00ea t\u00f4ng gi\u00fap l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 s\u00e0n \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1eafn.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-1-goc-d\u1ed9-k\u1ebft-c\u1ea5u-n\u1ec1n-t\u1ea3ng-k\u1ef9-thu\u1eadt-c\u1ee7a-san-ph\u1eb3ng-san-n\u1ea5m-san-loi-r\u1ed7ng\">1. G\u00f3c \u0111\u1ed9 k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u \u2013 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a s\u00e0n ph\u1eb3ng, s\u00e0n n\u1ea5m, s\u00e0n l\u00f5i r\u1ed7ng<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">S\u00e0n b\u00ea t\u00f4ng hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh c\u00f9ng b\u00ea t\u00f4ng c\u1ed1t th\u00e9p \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XX. Nhu c\u1ea7u gi\u1ea3m chi\u1ec1u cao k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf d\u1ea7m truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng. T\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c truy\u1ec1n tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp t\u1eeb s\u00e0n xu\u1ed1ng c\u1ed9t. K\u1ef9 s\u01b0 C.A.P. Turner t\u1ea1o b\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u1eb7t giai \u0111o\u1ea1n 1906\u20131909. \u00d4ng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n s\u00e0n ph\u1eb3ng kh\u00f4ng d\u1ea7m k\u00e8m n\u1ea5m \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ed9t. Gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y gi\u00fap ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t v\u00e0 ch\u1ed1ng ch\u1ecdc th\u1ee7ng. \u0110\u1ebfn n\u0103m 1924, s\u00e0n ph\u1eb3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt. S\u00e0n ph\u1eb3ng tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">C\u00e1c c\u1ed9t m\u1ed1c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u ti\u00eau bi\u1ec3u g\u1ed3m:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>1906\u20131909<\/strong>: Turner ph\u00e1t minh s\u00e0n ph\u1eb3ng kh\u00f4ng d\u1ea7m, c\u00f3 n\u1ea5m \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ed9t.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>1910\u20131920<\/strong>: S\u00e0n ph\u1eb3ng \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i t\u1ea1i M\u1ef9.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>1924<\/strong>: S\u00e0n ph\u1eb3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng h\u00f3a trong t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Sau 1950<\/strong>: Ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00e1c bi\u1ebfn th\u1ec3 t\u0103ng kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng v\u01b0\u1ee3t nh\u1ecbp.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i<\/strong>: Xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n s\u00e0n n\u1ea5m, d\u1ea7m ch\u00ecm, s\u00e0n l\u00f5i r\u1ed7ng.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">S\u00e0n b\u00ea t\u00f4ng ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng t\u1ed1i \u01b0u v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-2-goc-d\u1ed9-ki\u1ebfn-truc-chu\u1ea9n-hoa-khong-gian-nh\u1edd-san-ph\u1eb3ng\">2. G\u00f3c \u0111\u1ed9 ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac \u2013 chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a kh\u00f4ng gian nh\u1edd s\u00e0n ph\u1eb3ng<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">S\u00e0n b\u00ea t\u00f4ng ph\u1eb3ng t\u1ea1o thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u0103n b\u1ea3n trong t\u01b0 duy ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac. N\u0103m 1914, Le Corbusier gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh Dom-Ino. Dom-Ino s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng s\u00e0n ph\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1eb7t tr\u00ean h\u1ec7 c\u1ed9t t\u1ef1 do. T\u01b0\u1eddng bao kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng ch\u1ecbu l\u1ef1c. S\u00e0n ph\u1eb3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a nh\u01b0 nguy\u00ean l\u00fd ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac. Kh\u00f4ng gian m\u1edf v\u00e0 m\u1eb7t b\u1eb1ng linh ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">C\u00e1c nguy\u00ean l\u00fd ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac t\u1eeb s\u00e0n ph\u1eb3ng g\u1ed3m:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>M\u1eb7t b\u1eb1ng t\u1ef1 do, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c t\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ecbu l\u1ef1c.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>C\u1ed9t t\u1ef1 do, b\u1ed1 tr\u00ed theo l\u01b0\u1edbi k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u h\u1ee3p l\u00fd.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>T\u01b0\u1eddng bao phi k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u, d\u1ec5 thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u00f4ng n\u0103ng.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Chi\u1ec1u cao t\u1ea7ng gi\u1ea3m, t\u0103ng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Kh\u00f4ng gian linh ho\u1ea1t, thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i c\u1ea3i t\u1ea1o l\u00e2u d\u00e0i.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Giai \u0111o\u1ea1n 1920\u20131924, t\u01b0 duy Dom-Ino lan r\u1ed9ng ch\u00e2u \u00c2u. S\u00e0n ph\u1eb3ng tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-t\u1ed5ng-k\u1ebft-vai-tro-l\u1ecbch-s\u1eed\">T\u1ed5ng k\u1ebft vai tr\u00f2 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">S\u00e0n b\u00ea t\u00f4ng hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac v\u00e0 k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u. C.A.P. Turner \u0111\u1eb7t n\u1ec1n m\u00f3ng k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt s\u00e0n ph\u1eb3ng. Le Corbusier chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a s\u00e0n ph\u1eb3ng trong t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c kh\u00f4ng gian. S\u00e0n l\u00f5i r\u1ed7ng ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n t\u1eeb n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng l\u1ecbch s\u1eed n\u00e0y. C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 s\u00e0n \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>S\u00e0n b\u00ea t\u00f4ng l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i. \u00cdt ai bi\u1ebft s\u00e0n ph\u1eb3ng ra \u0111\u1eddi h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 tr\u01b0\u1edbc. T\u1eeb gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u, s\u00e0n b\u00ea t\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh kh\u00f4ng gian ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac. S\u1ef1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p gi\u1eefa k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac t\u1ea1o b\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u1eb7t l\u1ecbch s\u1eed. Hi\u1ec3u ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c s\u00e0n &#8230; <a title=\"Ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c, xu\u1ea5t x\u1ee9 v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a s\u00e0n b\u00ea t\u00f4ng\" class=\"read-more\" href=\"https:\/\/vrogroup.vn\/san-phang\/nguon-goc-xuat-xu-va-su-phat-trien-cua-san-be-tong\/\" aria-label=\"\u0110\u1ecdc th\u00eam v\u1ec1 Ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c, xu\u1ea5t x\u1ee9 v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a s\u00e0n b\u00ea t\u00f4ng\">Read more<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":2547,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[5],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3332","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-ket-cau-chiu-luc-sanphang","generate-columns","tablet-grid-50","mobile-grid-100","grid-parent","grid-33"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/vrogroup.vn\/san-phang\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3332","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/vrogroup.vn\/san-phang\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/vrogroup.vn\/san-phang\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vrogroup.vn\/san-phang\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vrogroup.vn\/san-phang\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3332"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/vrogroup.vn\/san-phang\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3332\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vrogroup.vn\/san-phang\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/2547"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/vrogroup.vn\/san-phang\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3332"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vrogroup.vn\/san-phang\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3332"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vrogroup.vn\/san-phang\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3332"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}